Passkey/WebAuthN is a modern standard for internet authentication. WebAuthN (Web Authentication) allows websites and web applications to perform secure logins using cryptographic keys instead of traditional passwords. A “passkey” is a cryptographic key stored on the user’s device.
How Passkey/WebAuthN Works
1. Cryptographic Key Pairs:
WebAuthN uses a key pair comprising a public and a private key. The private key remains securely stored on the user’s device (e.g., smartphone, laptop), while the public key is sent to the web application.
2. Registration:
During registration on a website, the user’s device generates the key pair. The private key is securely stored, and the public key is sent to the website’s server.
3. Login:
- For login, the website prompts the user’s device to confirm an action (e.g., through fingerprint, facial recognition, or a PIN).
- The device creates a cryptographic signature using the private key and sends it to the website for verification.
- The server verifies the signature with the stored public key. If the signature is correct, access is granted.
Using Passkey/WebAuthN in Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):
1. Enhanced Security:
Passkey/WebAuthN can be used as one of the factors in an MFA system. For instance, a user might first enter a password and then authenticate with WebAuthN by scanning their fingerprint or entering a PIN.
2. Convenience and Security:
Since passkeys and WebAuthN rely on biometric features and cryptographic keys, they offer higher security compared to traditional passwords, which are more vulnerable to phishing and theft.
3. No Password Needed:
In some cases, WebAuthN can also be used as a sole authentication factor, completely eliminating the need for passwords. This significantly reduces the risk of password-based attacks.
Advantages of Passkey/WebAuthN:
1. Increased Security:
Cryptographic key pairs make it extremely difficult for attackers to gain access to user accounts, as the private key never leaves the device.
2. User-Friendly:
Users do not need to remember complex passwords. Instead, they can use convenient yet secure authentication methods like fingerprint or facial recognition.
3. Phishing Protection:
Since WebAuthN does not use passwords that can be intercepted by attackers, the risk of phishing is drastically reduced.
Conclusion:
Passkey/WebAuthN represents a significant advancement in authentication technology, offering a secure, user-friendly alternative to traditional passwords. When used in the context of multi-factor authentication, it can further enhance security and significantly reduce vulnerability to various types of attacks.